Stage
Infancy
Trust Vs. Mistrust
Early Childhood
Autonomy Vs. Shame &
Doubt
Preschool
Initiative Vs, Guild
School Age
Industry vs. Inferiority
Adolescence
Identify Vs, Diffusion
Young A dulthood
Intimacy Vs. Isolation
MiddleAdulthood
Influential figure
Parents
Parents
Parents/
Teachers
Parents/
Teachers
Teachers /
Significant Others
Friends
Community
Outcome
Children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability, care, and
affection. A lack of this will lead to mistrust
Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a
sense of independence. Success leads to feelings of autonomy, failure results in
feelings of shame and doubt
Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment. Success
in this stage leads to a sense af purpose. Children who try to exert too much power
experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of guilt
Children need to cope with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a
sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority
Teens needs to develop a sense of self and personal identity. Success leads to an
ability to stay true to yourself , while failure leads to role confusion and a vveak sense
of self.
Young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships with other people. Success
leads to strong relationships. vvhile failure results in loneliness and isolation.
Adults need to create ar nurture things that will outlast them, often by having children
or creating a positive change that benefits other people. Success leads to feelings of
usefulness and accomplishment, while failure results in shallovv involvement in the
world
Older adults need to look back on life and feel a sense af fulfilment. Success at this
stage leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure results in regret, bitterness, and
despair.
G enerativity Vs, Stagnation
Maturity
Community
Ego integrity Vs, Despair
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